Fact-check: Is U.S. the only industrialized country without paid family medical leave?

Jennifer Boysko: Says that the "United States is the only industrialized, modernized country that does not already have a paid family medical leave program in place.”

PolitiFact's ruling: True

Here's why: Sweeping legislation that would have established a paid family leave program for Virginia employees was recently killed in the state Senate.

The bill, introduced by Sen. Jennifer Boysko (D-Fairfax) would have established a wage tax in 2024 to finance up to 12 weeks of annual paid leave time for workers at 80% of their regular earnings. Eligible were employees:

• Caring for a new child the first year after birth, adoption or foster placement;
• Experiencing or caring for a family member with serious health problems;
• Caring for the family of a deployed service member.

Boysko, during a Jan. 18 hearing of the Senate Commerce and Labor Committee, said the "United States is the only industrialized, modernized country that does not already have a paid family medical leave program in place," she said.  

Boysko’s comparison of America to the rest of the industrialized nations is a familiar Democratic talking point. Former President Barack Obama has made it; so has Vermont Sen.  Bernie Sanders and New York Sen. Kristen Gillibrand. 

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What America has

Under the Family and Medical Leave Act, employers with 50 or more workers must allow parents 12 weeks of job-protected leave annually to care for a newborn. While this means those individuals can take the time off without fear of losing their job, in most cases the leave is unpaid.

There are a few exceptions. Eight states offer paid family leave through employee-paid payroll taxes: California, New Jersey, Rhode Island, New York, Washington, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Oregon, as well as the District of Columbia.

Some employers choose to provide paid maternity leave, but that touches only about 16% of private industry workers, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

What other countries have

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development studied paid maternity leave for 36 developed nations and five additional European Union countries and Costa Rica. On average across these countries in 2018, mothers were entitled to 51 weeks of paid leave after child birth. The United States was the only country in the study with no national law to provide that benefit.

According to a 2014 report by the International Labor Organization, an agency of the United Nations, the United States and New Guinea were the only countries out of 170 that provided no cash benefits of any kind to women during maternity leave.

Of 41 developed countries highlighted by the report, the U.S. also mandated the shortest period of time off — 12 weeks. The 12-week law is still in effect.

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Jurisprudence

PolitiFact National has given Mostly True ratings to statements of Obama in 2015 and Gillibrand in 2016 that the U.S. is the only industrialized nation that doesn’t "guarantee" paid family leave. The slight flaw in their statements was that there were exclusions to the programs in some countries, so the benefit was not universal.

In Canada, for example, temporary workers in 2016 couldn’t get cash benefits. Canada also excluded migrant workers and people who owned more than 40% of their business. Norway and Switzerland excluded home workers. 

Boysko’s statement is different. She does not say "guarantee." She says the U.S. is the only industrialized nation that does not "have a paid family medical leave program in place." All other industrialized nations do have family leave programs in place, although some of those plans do not "guarantee" all workers are covered. 

Our ruling

Boysko said, "The United States is the only industrialized, modernized country that does not already have a paid family medical leave program in place."

All other developed countries surveyed by the International Labor Organization have programs mandating at least some paid maternity leave. An international study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development found the same thing.

The benefit is not available to all workers in some countries, but Boysko doesn’t claim that it is. So we rate her statement True.

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Sources

Jennifer Boysko, Comments to the Senate Commerce and Labor Committee, Jan. 18, 2021 (1:42:05 mark).

Legislative Information System, SB1330 and SB1219, 2021 session.

PolitiFact, "Bernie Sanders says 'every other major country' has family paid leave except United States," Oct. 14, 2015.

PolitiFact, "Barack Obama says United States only developed country without paid maternity leave," Jan. 21, 2015.

PolitiFact, "Yes, the United States is the only industrialized nation without paid family leave," Jan. 25, 2016.

U.S. Department of Labor, "Family Medical Leave Act," accessed Jan. 22, 2021.

National Conference of State Legislatures, "Paid Family Leave Resources," accessed Jan. 24, 2021. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Fact Sheet: Family Leave Benefits," Feb. 26, 2019.

Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation, "Trends in parental leave policies since 1970," November 2019.

OECD, Parental Leave Systems, table 2.1.A, 2018. 

International Labor Organization, "Maternity and Paternity at Work," 2014.